Kogin Nilu

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Kogin Nilu


Kogin Nilu a Cairo Babban Birnin Ƙasar Misira
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Baban Kogunan Afika, shi ne kirarin da ake yi wa Kogin Nilu (El-Kammash, Smith da Hurst, 2009), sunansa River Nile a Turance, a Larabce kuma بهر نيل Shi ne kogi mafi tsawo a duniya. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin 6,650 daidai da milamilai 4,132 (Misachi, 2017; Wikipedia, 2020; El-Kammash, Smith da Hurst, 2009; National Geographic, 2020). Yana kwarara daga arewa zuwa a arewa-maso-yammacin Afirka.


Kogin Nilu a Kartum Babban Birnin Ƙasar Sudan
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Ya ratsa ƙasashe goma sha ɗaya da suka haɗa da Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango, Kenya, Ethiopia (Habasha), Eritrea, Sudan ta Kudu (South Sudan), Jamhuriyar Sudan (Republic of the Sudan), da kuma Ƙasar Masar ( Egypt), El-Kammash, Smith da Hurst, (2020); Wikipedia, (2020). Shi ne masamar ruwa mafi tasiri a duk faɗin ƙasashen Masar da kuma Sudan (Wikipedia, 2020).


Kogin Nilu a Aswan ta Misira (Egypt)
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Mafari da Ƙarshe

Asalin Kogin Nilu yana farawa ne daga Tafkin Ɓictoria (Lake Ɓictoria) da ke ƙasar Tanzania (Misachi, 2017; Wikipedia, 2020; El-Kammash, Smith da Hurst, 2009). Sannan kuma ya ƙare a cikin tekun Meditareniya (National Geographic, 2020; El-Kammash, Smith da Hurst, 2009).

Rassa

Kogin Nilu kogi ne mai manya-manyan rassa guda uku waɗanda suke bashi ruwa; Shuɗin Kogin Nilu (Blue Nile River); Kogin Atbara, wanda yake gangarowa daga tsaunukan Masar; da kuma Farin Kogin Nilu (White Nile River), National Geographic, (2020); Werner, (2018); Britannica (2020); Jami’ar Jahar Pennsylvania, (2020); Wikipedia, (2020).

Shuɗin Kogin Nilu

Kogi ne da yake malalowa daga daga Tafkin Tana (Lake Tana) da ke tsaunukan Ƙasar Masar (Wikipedia, 2020; Jami’ar Jahar Pennsylvania, 2020). Yana da tsawon kilomita dubu ɗaya da ɗari huɗu (1400) zuwa Kartun, babban birnin Ƙasar Sudan inda yake haɗuwa da Farin Kogin Nilu.


Tafkin Tana a Ethiopia
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Shuɗin Kogin Nilu shi ne reshe mafi yawan ruwa duk da cewa ruwan nasa yana gudana ne kawai a cikin watannin Juli (July) da kuma Nuwamba (November), Jami’ar Jahar Pynnsylvania, (2020). Yawan ruwansa ya kai riɓi biyu da ɗigo tara (59%) na yawan ruwan Farin Kogin Nilu waɗanda suke haɗuwa su samar da asalin Kogin Nilu (Wikipedia, 2020; Jami’ar Jahar Pennsylvania, 2020).

Farin Kogin Nilu


Maɓuɓɓugar Farin Kogin Nilu
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Kogi ne da yake da asali daga Sudan ta Kudu sannan ya runtuma zuwa Kartum babban birnin Ƙasar Sudan inda yake haɗuwa da Shuɗin Kogin Nilu. Shi ne reshe mafi tsawo a dukkan Kogunan da suka haɗu suka yi Kogin Nilu, (National Geographic, 2020; Jami’ar Jahar Pennsylvania, 2020).


Farin Kogin Nilu a Sudan ta Kudu
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Kogin Atbara

Kogin Atbara, kogi ne da yake tasowa daga Ethiopia, wanda ke ɓuɓɓugowa daga arewa da Tafkin Tana (Lake Tana). Yana da kimanin tsawon kilomita ɗari takwas (800).  Shi ne yake tsirge wa cikin Tekun Meditareniya.

Mahaɗa

Kogin Nilu yana da mahaɗa guda biyu; gurin da Shuɗin Kogin Nilu yake haɗuwa da Farin Kogin Nilu, da kuma gurin da yake haɗuwa da Kogin Atbara.

Shuɗin Kogin Nilu yana tasowa daga Tafkin Tana ya yi tafiyar kilomita dubu ɗaya da ɗari huɗu zuwa Kartun, babban birnin Ƙasar Sudan sannan ya haɗe da Farin Kogin Nilu wanda shi kuma yake tasowa daga Sudan ta Kudu. Kenan, kogunan biyu suna haɗuwa a cikin Kartun, babban birnin jamhuriyar Sudan.


Mahaɗar Shuɗin da Farin Kogin Nilu a Kartun
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Bayan sun haɗu sun zama abu guda, daga nan kuma sai kogin ya runtuma ya yi arewa zuwa kilomita ɗari biyar, sai ya haɗu da Kogin Atbara wanda shi kuma zai ɗauka daga nan ya yi tafiyar kilomita dubu ɗaya zuwa cikin Tekun Meditareniya inda yake ƙarewa.


Mahaɗar Nilu da Atbara
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Muhimmanci

Kogin Nilu, yana bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen ci gaban rayuwar al’ummomin da ke cikin waɗancan ƙasashe goma sha ɗaya da aka ambata a sama. “Kogin Nilu, ya kasance wata maɓuɓɓugar rayuwa a Arewa Maso-Gabashin Afirka sama da dubbunan shekaru. Kuma har zuwa yau, al’ummu suna zuwa ɗiban ruwa a gaɓoɓin tekun waɗanda suke zagaye da ɓaraguzan irin kayayyakin amfani na mutanen da suka shuɗe”, National Geographic (2020). Amma duk da haka, ƙasashen Masar da Sudan su suka fi kowace ƙasa cin gajiyar wannan kogi. Wikipedia (2020), sun ta’alaƙƙa cigaban Ƙasar Masar da wannan kogin tun zamani mai tsawo da ya shuɗe; zamanin da ake yin komai da dutse suna masu kafa hujja da cewa, dukkan wasu gauruwan ƙasar Masar masu tarihi da kuma ababen tarihi a gaɓoɓin wannan kogi ake samun su. Su kuwa National Geographic (2020), cewa suka yi: “A wannan zamani da muke ciki, kashi casa’in da biya cikin ɗari (95%) na Misirawa (Al’ummar Ƙasar Masar baki ɗaya), suna rayuwa a ‘yar tazarar kilomitoci kaɗan da gaɓar kogin Nilu”.

A dukkanin waɗancan ƙasashe da kogin ya ratsa yakan zama kafar samar da ruwan sha; maɓuɓɓugar noman rani da ma na damina; samar da dausayin kiwon dabbobi; haɓɓaka harkar cinikayya; kafar sufuri ta hanyar amfani da jiragen ruwa; samar da hasken wutar lantarki “Madatsain ruwa kamar babban madatsin ruwa mai suna Aswan da ke Masar, an gina shi ne domin cin gajiyar kogin da kuma samar da makamashi ta hanyar amfani da ruwa”, National Geographic (2020).

Haka nan wannan muhimmin kogi na Nilu shi ne tsohuwar mahaɗar ‘yan kasuwar Afirka da kuma sauran sassan duniya da suka haɗa da Turai, ƙasashen Larabawa da sauran sassan duniya. Duk kuma da ci gaban fasar sufuri da aka samu ta hanyar jiragen sama da sauransu, wannan tafarki bai mutu murus ba. Ana iya cewa, har gobe ruwa yana maganin dauɗa. Bari mu ji ta bakin National Geographic (2020), “Kogin Nilu ya ci gaba da zama muhimmin tafarkin kasuwancin da ke sada tsakanin Afirka da kasuwannin da ke Turai da sauran sanna”.

Muhimmancin da wannan kogi yake da shi bai tsaya iya waɗancan ƙasashe goma sha ɗaya da aka ambta a sama ba, “Sananniyar magana ita ce  cewa Kogin Nilu, yana daga cikin fitattun koguna ba wai kawai iya Afirka ba, a’a, da ma duniya baki ɗaya”, kamar yadda ya zo a ruyawar Answes Africa (2020). A wani bincike da McGinnis da Mugira (2019) suka wallafa a shafin Intanet mai suna Water Journalist Africa, sun ruwaito cewa ƙasashen irin su Qatar, Egypt, Lebanon, Kuwait, Saudia Arabia, Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) da Syria sun karɓi hayar filin a gaɓar kogin na Nalisu da faɗinsa ya kai kadada 762,208 (762,208 hectares) a Ƙasar Sudan domin samar da kayan amfanin gona na sayarwa, abincin dabbobi kamar alfalfa da kuma sinadaran mai. Hakan ma kuma ɗaiɗaikun ‘yankasuwa da kamfanoni daga ƙasashen Jordan, Turkey, Egypt, Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE), da kuma Saudi Arabia suna nan suna kan tattaunawa domin samun hayar ƙasar da faɗinta ya kai kimanin kadada miliyan uku da ɗigo huxu (3.4 millions hectares) a lokacin da suka yi rubutun (2019), ba a kai ga kammala yarjejeniyar ba.

Wannan ita ce ‘yar maganar da za mu iya kawowa a daidai wannan lokaci dangane da wannan kogi da ake yi wa kirari da Baban Kogunan Afirka sannan kuma kogi mafi tsawo a duniya, wato Kogin Nilu.

Manazarta:

Answers Africa (2020). Nile River-Map, Valley, Length, Where Does it Start, Location, Source, Facts. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://answersafrica.com/river-nile-facts.html

Britannica Encylopaedia (2020). Nile River _ Facts, Definition, Map, History, & Location _ Britannica. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin:  https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River/Climate-and-hydrology

El-Kammash M.G, Smith C.G. da Hurst H. E. (2009). Nile River. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River/Physiography

Khartoum Star (2019). Atbara .. The city of Iron and fire. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://khartoumstar.com/en/2019/09/28/atbara-the-city-of-iron-and-fire/

McGinnis A. da Mugira F. (2019). Land Grabbing and Its Implications for Sudanese – Views from a scholar. Water Journalist Afirca. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://waterjournalistsafrica.com/2019/05/land-grabbing-and-its-implications-for-sudanese-views-from-a-scholar/

Misachi J. (2017). What is the Source of the River Nile? An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-source-of-the-river-nile.html

National Geographic (2020). Nile River. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/nile-river/

Werner L. (2018). Khartoum: A Tale of Two Rivers. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/March-2018/Khartoum-A-Tale-of-Two-Rivers

Wikipedia (2020). Nile. An ciro ashekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile

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